62 Concrete and masonry elements
When reinforced concrete or masonry elements are present in a building, the steelwork designer can profit by using these stiff elements to resist lateral loads. A typical example is a building with a reinforced concrete lift shaft, to which the steelwork can be attached. Similarly, masonry walls forming in-fill panels between steel columns can replace bracing members by providing in-plane stiffness. The ideal position for a shear wall is on the line of the lateral loads, to avoid eccentric...
Extended End Plate Moment Connection
Figure 3.5 Partial depth flexible end plate connection Fin plate connections are of the configuration shown in Figure 3.6. The simplicity of this type of connection offers considerable benefits both on site and during fabrication. Once the beam has been swung roughly into position it can be quickly aligned using a podger spanner which has a tapered handle to facilitate this . As with other types of connection, the insertion of approximately one third of the total number of bolts is then usually...
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In addition to vertical loading, the crane girders need to be designed to resist horizontal loads. The designer may need to consider improving the lateral resistance of the girder top flange using a plate or even a channel section seated over the flange. Although rail fixings usually permit adjustment ofthe rail relative to the girder, the adjustment ofline which is provided by the rail fixing should not exceed the greater of 6 mm, or half the web thickness, according to ENV 1090-l 88 . This...
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be preferred, unless complex or unfamiliar forms of construction are necessary or appropriate for a specific situation e.g. composite stub girders may be economical for relatively large spans in a highly serviced building with a restriction on inter-storey height, see Section 3.3 . There are several reasons for specifying tolerances see Section 8 , and these may be split into two categories. The first is to ensure that the actual deviations or imperfections of the completed frame do not exceed...
Info Exd
Alternatives which require more care during erection than straightforward beams generally suffer from one or more of the following problems beams which rely primarily on the concrete to form the top flange need propping during construction a lack of lateral stability may necessitate the use of a lifting beam a lack of robustness may necessitate extra care during transportation and on site. When precast concrete units are used the erection sequence must ensure that they are placed alternately in...
65 Precast concrete floors
Floors can be constructed using precast concrete units. These units may be supported on the top flange of a steel beam, or on shelf angles attached to the beam web. Alternatively, when a slim floor system is adopted to minimise the structural floor depth, the units may be supported on a wide bottom flange, or a wide plate welded to the bottom flange of a standard I section beam. Typical details employing precast units are shown in Figure 6.12. Figure 6.12 Typical details employing precast...