Equipment Layout
Plot plans, foundation location drawings, and equipment location drawings are developed using the plant coordinate system. Universally recognized throughout the piping industry, the plant coordinate system uses intersecting grid lines, similar to the Cartesian coordinate system, to locate buildings, structures, foundations, equipment, and piping configurations. These intersecting grid lines, which originate from a designated control point, are drawn parallel to the north south and east west...
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Figure 6-11. Shell and tube exchanger plan and elevation views. Figure 6-12. Double pipe exchanger. Courtesy of Nisseki Chemical Texas, Inc., Bayport, Texas. Figure 6-12. Double pipe exchanger. Courtesy of Nisseki Chemical Texas, Inc., Bayport, Texas. Figure 6-13. End view of a double pipe exchanger. Figure 6-15. Internal views of a kettle-type reboiler. 98 Pipe Drafting and Design Reboiler The reboiler, as the name implies, is used to replenish the temperature of a commodity. Two types of...
Drawing the LongRadius Elbow
Two step-by-step methods will be presented for constructing the 90 long-radius elbow. Figure 3-6 shows the steps using manual drafting techniques and Figure 3-7 shows those steps using AutoCAD commands. Double line 14 and larger Figure 3-5. 90 long-radius elbow. 3- 12 ELBOW k 11 9X NOMINAL SIZE Figure 3-6.14-90 elbow. Manual drafting solutions. Step 1. Mark off the distance from the center of the fitting to the end of the fitting. This is the A dimension from the Welded Fittings-Flanges Chart....
Crude Oil Byproducts
Skirt fireproofing. Generally brick or gunite, fire-proofing is applied around the interior and exterior walls of a vessel skirt. It is necessary to prevent damage to vessel skirt in case a fire occurs. Nozzle. The tie-in connection between the vessel or equipment and the piping system. Nozzles are provided in locations where a commodity is either introduced or removed from a vessel or piece of equipment. Nozzle orientation. The angular arrangement of nozzles around the perimeter of a vessel's...
Isometric Dimensions
Length dimensions and informational notes or callouts are used on isometrics to define the pipe's exact routing through a facility. Placement of dimensions on the drawing establishes precise lengths between fittings, valves, equipment connections, etc. Information such as coordinates, elevations, nozzle projection, pipe size, and pound rating are used to calculate lengths of a run of pipe. As with orthographic views, dimensions are placed on isometrics that indicate center-to-center,...
Diagrams and Instrumentation
Flow diagrams describe in a schematic drawing format the flow of fluids and gases through a unit or an entire plant. By using symbols to represent various pieces of equipment, the flow diagram provides the piping designer with an overall view of the operation of a facility. The flow diagram used in this chapter is representative of the types used by many companies in the piping industry. While actual symbols may vary slightly from one company to the next, the look and feel of flow diagrams is...
Contents
Overview of Pipe Drafting and Design_1 Employers of Pipe Drafters and Designers 1 Engineering and Construction Companies 1 Architectural Engineering Companies 2 History of Pipe 4 Piping Materials 4 Manufacturing Methods 4 Sizing of Pipe 5 Wall Thickness 6 Methods of Joining Pipe 6 Cast Iron Pipe 8 Plastic Pipe 10 Drawing Pipe 10 Review Quiz 12 90 Elbows 13 45 Elbows 19 Weld Tee 22 The Stub-In 26 Coupling 27 Reducers 28 Weld Cap 31 Use of Fittings 31 Screwed and Socket-Weld Fittings 33 Pipe...
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Figure 13-3. Piping orthographic views. Material take-off is the process by which each individual component that makes up a pipe configuration is tabulated for purchase or procurement. This means all piping components elbows, flanges, nuts, bolts, washers, gaskets, etc. must be accounted for so that purchases of those items can be made. Isometrics are also used by many companies as fabrication drawings. Once drawn and properly dimensioned, isometrics are provided to fabricators who will build...
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Figure 4-18. Single-line threaded flange drawing symbol. The reducing flange maintains all the dimensional characteristics of the larger end size. One exception however is the internal bore. The internal bore is manufactured to match that of the smaller pipe size. Figure 4-22 shows a 12 x 6-300 raised face slip-on flange. Notice the use of abbreviations to keep the size of the callout to a minimum. Reducing flanges are manufactured as weld neck, slipon, or threaded flange types. Figure 4-20....
Dimensioning Rolling Offsets
Figure 13-25 identifies the six measurements required to dimension a rolling offset. There are four length dimensions and two angular dimensions. When a rolling offset is part of a configuration similar to that shown in Figure 13-28, the lengths of the sides of triangle 3 are applied to the dimensions of the isometric box see Figure 13-25 . Notice the SA of triangle 3 in Figure 13-28 is equal to the RUN of the box, the ROLL of the box is equal to the SO of triangle 3, and angle X of triangle 3...
Dummy Supports
The dummy support or dummy leg as it is also known is used to support pipe that would not otherwise be supported due to its short length or change in direction. The dummy leg is a piece of open pipe welded to the outside of an elbow. The piece of open pipe acts as a continuation ELBOW TURNING DOWN Figure 11-15. Dummy support. of the pipe's axis thereby allowing it to extend across a horizontal structural support see Figure 11-15 .
Detail Drawings
Although a simple note or callout can be sufficient in conveying information to a reader, an actual drawing representation will provide much more detailed information. One case in point is the TOS callout. Known to mean top of steel, this note, and others like it, is the only way of representing height on a plan view drawing. But on a section or elevation drawing, the actual structural steel member can be drawn to provide a graphical representation to the reader. By rendering, height...
Utility Stations
Organization is essential to quality design. Organizing a piping facility with maintenance in mind is crucial to efficient plant operation. Small independent maintenance centers called utility stations are located throughout a piping facility. Utility stations provide maintenance and operational personnel with centralized locations to find water, air, steam, and occasionally nitrogen. Utility stations are placed throughout a facility in such a manner to allow a utility hose 50'-0 long to cover...
Depropanizer Reboiler E101 Foundation
Figure 10-8. E-101 kettle reboiler foundation drawing. DEPROPANIZER OVERHEAD CONDENSER E-102 FOUNDATION Figure 10-9. E-102 heat exchanger foundation drawing. TOP OF CONCRETE ELEVATION 10V-0
Depropanizer Reflux Accumulator 01v102
Figure 6-24. Horizontal vessel vendor data drawing. 106 Pipe Drafting and Design Drawing the Horizontal Vessel Step 1. Determine the vessel's diameter and length as provided by the vendor drawing. Using the measurements from Figure 6-24, the vessel's ID is 4'-0 and its length from tangent line to tangent line is 15'-0. Step 2. Draw a horizontal centerline equal to the vessel's length. Step 3. Draw vertical construction lines on each end of the centerline. Along the right vertical line, measure...
Drawing the 45 Elbow
Three step-by-step methods will be presented for constructing the 45 elbow. Figures 3-17 and 3-18 describe two manual methods for constructing the elbow. Figure 3-19 defines steps using AutoCAD commands to draw the elbow. Figure 3-14. 90 ell versus 45 ell. Figure 3-15. Welded Fittings-Flanges Chart. Figure 3-15. Welded Fittings-Flanges Chart. Figure 3-17. 45 elbow. Manual drafting solutions. Figure 3-17. 45 elbow. Manual drafting solutions. Step 1. Using construction lines, duplicate the...
Valves
Figure 5-1. Gate valve. Courtesy of Jenkins Bros. What is a Valve Courtesy of VMA Valve Manufacturers Association . A valve is a product rarely noticed by the average person, yet it plays an important role in the quality of our lives. Each time you turn on a water faucet, use your dishwasher, turn on a gas range, or step on the accelerator in your car you operate a valve. Without modern valve systems there would be no fresh, pure water in your home, no modern appliances, and no gasoline waiting...
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Figure 5-9. Angle valve drawing symbols. Some manufacturers refer to lift check valves that employ the use of a ball as a ball check valve. Figure 5-11 depicts drawing symbols used to represent the check valve. Notice the top and front views are identical and both symbols indicate the direction of flow. The ball valve is an inexpensive alternative to other valves. Ball valves use a metal ball with a hole bored through the center, sandwiched between two seats to control flow. Used in many...
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Figure 7-5. Flow diagram and abbreviations. Controllers. Devices used to maintain a specified liquid level, temperature, pressure, or flow inside a vessel or piping system. They activate the control valve that regulates the level, temperature, pressure, and flow in and out of the vessel. Alarms. Signals via lights or horns that indicate the liquid level, temperature, or pressure inside a vessel is too high or too low or that there is no flow or reverse flow. Indicators. Devices used to indicate...