Lubrication
The lubrication system of an engine provides a supply of lubricating oil to the various moving parts in the engine. Its main function is to enable the formation of a film of oil between the moving parts, which reduces friction and wear. The lubricating oil is also used as a cleaner and in some engines as a coolant. Lubricating oil for an engine is stored in the bottom of the crankcase, known as the sump, or in a drain tank located beneath the engine Figure 2.17 . The oil is drawn from this tank...
Safety equipment
A number of items will now be considered under this general heading. They are emergency equipment for power generation and pumping, survival equipment such as lifeboats and liferafts, and the sound signal equipment in the form of the whistle. Emergency equipment is arranged to operate independently of all main power sources. It includes such items as the emergency generator and the emergency fire pump. Both items of machinery are located remote from the engine room and usually above the...
Explosion relief valve
As a practical safeguard against explosions which occur in a crankcase, explosion relief valves or doors are fitted. These valves serve to relieve excessive crankcase pressures and stop flames being emitted from the crankcase. They must also be self closing to stop the return of atmospheric air to the crankcase. Various designs and arrangements of these valves exist where, on large slow-speed diesels, two door type valves may be fitted to each crankcase or, on a medium-speed diesel, one valve...
Flow measurement
Flow measurement can be quantity measurement, where the amount of liquid which has passed in a particular time is given, or a flow velocity which, when multiplied by the pipe area, will give a rate of flow. A rotating pair of intermeshing vanes may be used which are physically displaced by the volume of liquid passing through Figure 15.11 a . The b rotating element Figure 15.11 Flow quantity measurement number of rotations will give a measure of the total quantity of liquid that has passed. The...
Man Bw
The L70MC is a single-acting, low-speed two-stroke reversible marine diesel engine manufactured by MAN B amp W. It is one of the MC series introduced in 1982, and has a longer stroke and increased maximum pressure when compared with the earlier L-GF and L-GB designs. The bedplate is made of welded longitudinal girders and welded cross girders with cast-steel bearing supports Figure 2.29 . The frame box is mounted on the bedplate and may be of cast or welded design. On the exhaust side of the...
Shafting and propellers
The transmission system on a ship transmits power from the engine to the propeller. It is made up of shafts, bearings, and finally the propeller itself. The thrust from the propeller is transferred to the ship through the transmission system. The different items in the system include the thrust shaft, one or more intermediate shafts and the tailshaft. These shafts are supported by the thrust block, intermediate bearings and the sterntube bearing. A sealing arrangement is provided at either end...
Unattended machinery spaces
The sophistication of modern control systems and the reliability of the equipment used have resulted in machinery spaces remaining unattended for long periods. In order to ensure the safety of the ship and its equipment during UMS operation certain essential requirements must be met 1. Bridge control. A control system to operate the main machinery must be provided on the bridge. Instrumentation providing certain basic information must be provided. 2. Machinery control room. A centralised...
System components
The condenser is a heat exchanger which removes the latent heat from exhaust steam so that it condenses and can be pumped back into the boiler. This condensing should be achieved with the minimum of under-cooling, i.e. reduction of condensate temperature below the steam temperature. A condenser is also arranged so that gases and vapours from the condensing steam are removed. An auxiliary condenser is shown in Figure 5.5. The circular cross-section shell is provided with end covers which are...
Telemotor control
Telemotor control is a hydraulic control system employing a transmitter, a receiver, pipes and a charging unit. The transmitter, which is built into the steering wheel console, is located on the bridge and the receiver is mounted on the steering gear. The charging unit is located near to the receiver and the system is charged with a non-freezing fluid. 9 Gland housing 10 Retracting plate The telemotor system is shown in Figure 12.4. Two rams are present in the transmitter which move in opposite...
Fuel oil supply for a twostroke diesel
A slow-speed two-stroke diesel is usually arranged to operate continuously on heavy fuel and have available a diesel oil supply for manoeuvring conditions. In the system shown in Figure 2.11, the oil is stored in tanks in the double bottom from which it is pumped to a settling tank and heated. After passing through centrifuges the cleaned, heated oil is pumped to a daily service tank. From the daily service tank the oil flows through a three-way valve to a mixing tank. A flow meter is fitted...
Fresh water cooling system
A water cooling system for a slow-speed diesel engine is shown in Figure 2.18. It is divided into two separate systems one for cooling the cylinder jackets, cylinder heads and turbo-blowers the other for piston cooling. Figure 2.18 Fresh water cooling system Figure 2.18 Fresh water cooling system The cylinder jacket cooling water after leaving the engine passes to a sea-water-circulated cooler and then into the jacket-water circulating pumps. It is then pumped around the cylinder jackets,...
Slowspeed diesel
A cutaway drawing of a complete ship is shown in Figure 1.1. Here, in addition to the machinery space, can be seen the structure of the hull, the cargo tank areas together with the cargo piping and the deck machinery. The compact, complicated nature of the machinery installation can clearly be seen, with the two major items being the main engine and the cargo heating boiler. Figure 1.1 Cutaway drawing of a ship Figure 1.1 Cutaway drawing of a ship Figure 1.2 Slow-speed diesel machinery...
Transmitters Pneumatic
Many pneumatic devices use a nozzle and flapper system to give a variation in the compressed air signal. A pneumatic transmitter is shown in Figure 15.25. If the flapper moves away from the nozzle then the transmitted or output pressure will fall to a low value. If the flapper moves towards the nozzle then the transmitted pressure will rise to almost the supply pressure. The transmitted pressure is approximately proportional to the movement of the flapper and thus the change in the measured...
Level measurement
A float is usually a hollow ball or cylinder whose movement as the liquid surface rises or falls is transmitted to an indicator. A chain or wire usually provides the linkage to the indicator. Float switches may be used for high or low indication, pump starting, etc., where electrical contacts are made or broken, depending upon the liquid level. Various types of sightglass are used to display liquid level in storage tanks. The simple boiler gauge glass referred to in Chapter 4 is typical of such...
Closed feed system
A closed feed system for a high pressure watertube boiler supplying a main propulsion steam turbine is shown in Figure 5.2. The steam turbine will exhaust into the condenser which will be at a high vacuum. A regenerative type of condenser will be used which allows condensing of the steam with the minimum drop in temperature. The condensate is removed by an extraction pump and circulates through an The condensate is heated in passing through the air ejector. The ejector removes air from the...
Boiler types
The watertube boiler is employed for high-pressure, high-temperature, high-capacity steam applications, e.g. providing steam for main propulsion turbines or cargo pump turbines. Firetube boilers are used for auxiliary purposes to provide smaller quantities of low-pressure steam on diesel engine powered ships. The construction of watertube boilers, which use small-diameter tubes and have a small steam drum, enables the generation or production of steam at high temperatures and pressures. The...
Deck machinery and hull equipment
The various items of machinery and equipment found outside of the machinery space will now be described. These include deck machinery such as mooring equipment, anchor handling equipment, cargo handling equipment and hatch covers. Other items include lifeboats and liferafts, emergency equipment, watertight doors, stabilisers and bow thrusters. The operations of mooring, cargo handling and anchor handling all involve controlled pulls or lifts using chain cables, wire or hemp ropes. The drive...
Hatch covers
Hatch covers are used to close off the hatch opening and make it watertight. Wooden hatch covers, consisting of beams and boards over the opening and covered with tarpaulins, were once used but are no longer fitted. Steel hatch covers, comprising a number of linked steel covers, are now fitted universally. Various designs exist for particular applications, but most offer simple and quick opening and closing, which speed up the cargo handling operation. A MacGregor single-pull weather-deck hatch...
Couplings clutches and gearboxes
Where the shaft speed of a medium-speed diesel is not suitable for its application, e.g. where a low speed drive for a propeller is required, a gearbox must be provided. Between the engine and gearbox it is usual to fit some form of flexible coupling to dampen out vibrations. There is also often a need for a clutch to disconnect the engine from the gearbox. Elastic or flexible couplings allow slight misalignment and damp out 01 remove torque variations from the engine. The coupling may in...
Variable delivery pumps
A number of different designs of variable delivery pump exist. Each has a means of altering the pump stroke so that the amount of oil displaced will vary from zero to some designed maximum value. This is achieved by use of a floating ring, a swash plate or a slipper pad. The radial cylinder Hele-Shaw pump is shown in Figure 12.1. Within the casing a short length of shaft drives the cylinder body which rotates around a central valve or tube arrangement and is supported at the ends by ball...
Second Edition
D. A. Taylor, MSc, BSc, CENG, FIMarE, FRINA Marine Consultant, Harbour Craft Services Ltd, Hong Kong Formerly Senior Lecturer in Marine Technology, Hong Kong Polytechic University AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford 0X2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 1983 Reprinted 1985 Second edition 1990 Reprinted 1992,1993, 1994 Revised 19 Reprinted...