40 1
a Determine the viscosity of the sample. b What viscosity model equation would be the most appropriate for describing the viscosity of this sample Convert the data to corresponding values of viscosity versus shear rate, and plot them on appropriate axes consistent with the data and your equation. Use linear regression analysis in a form that is consistent with the plot to determine the values of each of the parameters in your equation. c What is the viscosity of this sample at a cup speed of...
Units and Dimensions
1. Determine the weight of 1 g mass at sea level in units of a dynes b lbf c gf d poundals. 2. One cubic foot of water weighs 62.4 lbf under conditions of standard gravity. a What is its weight in dynes, poundals, and gf b What is its density in lbm ft3 and slugs ft3 c What is its weight on the moon g 5.4 ft2 in lbf d What is its density on the moon 3. The acceleration due to gravity on the moon is about 5.4 ft s2. If your weight is 150 lbf on earth a What is your mass on the moon, in slugs b...
Problems Wqs
1. By careful streamlining, it is possible to reduce the drag coefficient of an automobile from 0.4 to 0.25. How much power would this save at a 40 mph and a b 60 mph, assuming that the effective projected area of the car is 25 ft2 2. If your pickup truck has a drag coefficient equivalent to a 5 ft diameter disk and the same projected frontal area, how much horsepower is required to overcome wind drag at 40 mph What horsepower is required at 70 mph 3. You take a tumble while water skiing. The...
Darby Melson Equation
Note The ANSI pipe grades correspond approximately to Sched 20, 30, 40, 80, and 120 for commercial steel pipe. Note The ANSI pipe grades correspond approximately to Sched 20, 30, 40, 80, and 120 for commercial steel pipe. Figure 7-4 Cost of pump stations 1980 . Pump station cost CCPS A B hp e where A 172,800 and B 451 hp for stations of 500 hp or more. Figure 7-4 Cost of pump stations 1980 . Pump station cost CCPS A B hp e where A 172,800 and B 451 hp for stations of 500 hp or more. and J L D...
Momentum Equation In Cylindrical Coordinates
rrH- -- pgr -- TT V Tre H--- -5- pg0 ---1 I-- r rz ----1--I pgz
D Structural Viscosity Models
The typical viscous behavior for many non-Newtonian fluids e.g., polymeric fluids, flocculated suspensions, colloids, foams, gels is illustrated by the curves labeled structural in Figs. 3-5 and 3-6. These fluids exhibit Newtonian behavior at very low and very high shear rates, with shear thinning or pseudoplastic behavior at intermediate shear rates. In some materials this can be attributed to a reversible structure or network that forms in the rest or equilibrium state. When the material is...
D
where both ts and Do the pipe outside diameter are measured in inches. This relation between schedule number and pipe dimensions can be compared with the actual dimensions of commercial pipe for various schedule pipe sizes, as tabulated in Appendix F. 1. The manometer equation is A Apg Ah, where A is the difference in the total pressure plus static head P pgz between the two points to which the manometer is connected, Ap is the difference in the densities of the two fluids in the manometer, Ah...
10 1
Figure 14-6 Typical batch settling curve for a limestone slurry. compressed zone is much higher because of the high concentration of solids in this zone. The minimum in this curve represents a pinch or critical condition in the thickener that limits the total solids flux that can be obtained under steady-state stable operation. Because the batch flux data are obtained in a closed system with no outflow, the net solids flux is zero in the batch system and Eq. 14-40 reduces to VL 'Vs 1 ' . Note...
X
11. The three-fluid manometer illustrated in Fig. 4-P11 is used to measure a very small pressure difference P1 P2 . The cross-sectional area of each of the reservoirs is A, and that of the manometer legs is a. The three fluids have densities pa, pb, and pc, and the difference in elevation of the interfaces in the reservoir is x. Derive the equation that relates the manometer reading h to the pressure difference P1 P2. How would the relation be simplified if A a 12. A tank that is vented to the...
000524
This agreement is close enough. The most economical diameter is 1.5 m, or 59.2 in. The standard pipe size'' closest to this value on the high side or the closest size that can readily be manufactured would be used. A procedure analogous to the one followed can be used for non-Newtonian fluids that follow the power law or Bingham plastic models Darby and Melson, 1981 . For power law fluids, the basic dimensionless variables are the Reynolds number, the friction factor, and the flow index n . If...
References 1
Astarita G, G Greco Jr, L Nicodemo. AIChE J. 15 564, 1969. Bewersdorff HW, NS Berman. Rheol Acta 27 130, 1988. Churchill SW, Chem Eng Nov 7, 1977, p 91. Darby R, HD Chang. AIChE J 30 274, 1984. Darby R, J Melson. Chem Eng Dec 28, 1981, p 59. Darby R, S Pivsa-Art. Can J Chem Eng 69 1395, 1991. Darby R, R Mun, DV Boger. Chem Eng September 1992, Dodge DW, AB Metzner. AIChE J 5 189, 1959. Goren Y, JF Norbury. ASME J Basic Eng 89 816, 1967. Hoffmann L, P Schummer. Rheol Acta 17 98, 1978. Savins JG....
980
Conversion factors. gc ML Ft2 , F ma gc gc 32.174 lbm ft lbfs2 9.806 kgm m kgfs2 980.6 gm cm gfs2 1 kgs2 m Ns2 1 gcm dyns2 1 slug ft lbf s2 1 lbmft poundals2 12 in. ft 60 s min 30.48 cm ft 778 ftlbf Btu 1 0 Conversion factors. gc ML Ft2 , F ma gc gc 32.174 lbm ft lbfs2 9.806 kgm m kgfs2 980.6 gm cm gfs2 1 kgs2 m Ns2 1 gcm dyns2 1 slug ft lbf s2 1 lbmft poundals2 12 in. ft 60 s min 30.48 cm ft 778 ftlbf Btu 1 0 In summary, for engineering systems both F and M can be considered fundamental...
A Pipeline Analysis
The procedure for performing a dimensional analysis will be illustrated by means of an example concerning the flow of a liquid through a circular pipe. In this example we will determine an appropriate set of dimensionless groups that can be used to represent the relationship between the flow rate of an incompressible fluid in a pipeline, the properties of the fluid, the dimensions of the pipeline, and the driving force for moving the fluid, as illustrated in Fig. 2-1. The procedure is as...
Iii Conservation Of Dimensions
Physical laws, theories, empirical relations, etc., are normally expressed by equations relating the significant variables and parameters. These equations usually contain a number of terms. For example, the relation between the vertical elevation z and the horizontal distance x at any time for a projectile fired from a gun can be expressed in the form This equation can be derived from the laws of physics, in which case the parameteers a and b can be related to such factors as the muzzle...