E
Power curve for the standard tank configuration For the transition flow region BCD which extends up to ReM - 10000, the parameters C and x in equation 5.20 vary continuously. In the fully turbulent flow region DE, the curve becomes horizontal and the power function lt gt is independent of the Reynolds number for mixing ReM. For the region ReM gt 10000 At point C on the power curve for the standard tank configuration given in Figure 5.8, enough energy is being transferred to the liquid for...
10
where at time t 0, Cnl 0. Adding equations 5.46, 5.50, 5.52 and 5.53 gives the equation Equation 5.54 gives the total amount of solute remaining in a system of n equal size tanks after a time t where at time t 0 the concentration in the first tank was C10 and the concentration in all other tanks was zero. The amount of solute purged from the system after time t is given by the equation The fraction x of the original solute which has been purged from the system after time t is Equation 5.56 is...
Contents
Preface to the second edition xi 1.1 Units and dimensions 1 1.2 Description of fluids and fluid flow 1 1.4 Conservation of mass 7 1.5 Energy relationships and the Bernoulli equation 9 1.6 Momentum of a flowing fluid 17 1.8 Sign conventions for stress 36 1.10 Volumetric flow rate and average velocity in a pipe 45 1.11 Momentum transfer in laminar flow 46 1.12 Non-Newtonian behaviour 48 1.13 Turbulence and boundary layers 55 2 Flow of incompressible Newtonian fluids in pipes and 70 channels 2.1...
Arnold
A member of the Hodder Headline Group LONDON First published in Great Britain 1973 Published in Great Britain 1995 by Edward Arnold, a division of Hodder Headline PLC, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanically, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without either prior permission in writing from the publisher or a licence...
P
The velocity profile must have a form like that shown in Figure 1.17. The velocity is zero at the pipe wall and increases to a maximum at the centre. From Example 1.8, it is known that the shear stress vanishes on the centre-line r 0, so from Newton's law of viscosity equation 1.45 the velocity gradient must be zero at the centre. The general arrangement of a representative element of fluid is shown in Figure 1.17. A cylindrical shell of fluid of length L has its inner and outer cylindrical...